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Two large divisions are established, rocks and soils.
- Rocks, are classified by their source as:
*Igneous: granites, basalts, etc.
*Sedimentary: limes, sandstones, etc.
*Metamorphic: slates, quartzite, etc.
Although for the underground work to be carried out in rocky formations their geomechancial characteristics are of interest: the single material's resistance to compaction, the absence of alterations, separation, state and orientation of unconformities (fractures) and the presence of water.
- Soils, have three divisions depending on the size of their particles:
*Granular soils: sands and gravel.
*Cohesive: clays and limes.
*Remainder, organic soils (like vegetal floors, silts and peat) and consumer fillings.
