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Fragmentation

Process by which a material is broken down or sub-divided into smaller parts, usually because of external actions (wind, impact, ice, etc.) or the effect of thermal expansion. Generally, it is caused by the impact of masses or chiselling instruments, air (which contains dust particles), blasting or nature. When a quantity of water penetrates into a fissure in the material (metal, rock, concrete, asphalt, etc.). In this last case, where said water freezes its volume increases, causing it to expand and thereby fragment the material.