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Tunnelling shield

This is a type of tunnelling machine or TBM (tunnel boring machine, complete tunnel construction machines) that is used in soft ground, excavating this in a circular section, removing the rubble and immediately applying the lining in ring shapes to avoid subsidence; the machine heads leaving the completed tunnel behind it. It has a circular spinning cutting head where the cutting discs are accommodated and behind the head there is a hydraulic jack system that puts pressure on the lining rings and on the head allowing excavation.